经乙状窦后道上结节入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探讨经乙状窦后道上结节入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术技巧、疗效及适应证。方法 回顾性分析2016年5月—2019年3月采用该入路切除的15例岩斜区脑膜瘤患者的临床特征、手术方法及术后并发症。结果 15例术前均表现头痛、5例面部感觉减退、2例面部疼痛、1例听力下降。SimpsonⅡ级切除11例，Ⅲ级切除3例，Ⅳ级切除1例。平均随访15个月，无死亡，术后远期生活质量评估（KPS）评分80~90分。术后头痛15例均缓解，面部感觉减退3例缓解、2例加重、新增2例，面部疼痛2例缓解，听力下降1例未缓解，新增复视2例、6个月后均缓解。结论 掌握好适应证，经乙状窦后道上结节入路是切除岩斜脑膜瘤的较好途径。     

原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析

目的:探究原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析。方法:对广州市番禺区中医院2017年2月-2019年2月收治的原发性肝癌患者98例进行回顾性分析,依据各项临床指标分析手术切除术后早期复发的影响因素。结果:原发性肝癌患者经由手术切除后出现复发的可能性较高,同时手术切缘有残留、包膜不完整、肿瘤结节、心理因素、甲胎蛋白、血管侵犯、肝硬化及肿瘤直径等均是影响原发性肝癌手术期后再复发的高危因素。结论:原发性肝癌通常具有术后复发的生物学特性,依据对手术切除术之后早期复发因素的分析,对手术风险与治疗方案进行充分评估,同时要求患者进行定期复查及随访等工作,可对患者手术成功以及并发症的防治等均具有积极意义。     

Current surgical management of metastatic pathological fractures of the femur: A multicentre snapshot audit

AimsWe aimed to find out: the typical workload for metastatic bone disease, the conventional treatment for femoral metastases and whether there is a trend for arthroplasty and endoprosthetic reconstruction.Materials and methodsAll sequential patients undergoing surgery for femoral metastatic lesions (both pathological fracture and impending pathological fracture) of any age patient were included in the multicenter snapshot audit. Data on demographics, institutions and operative procedures were recorded.Results24 UK Institutions were enrolled, including 7 Major Trauma Centres (MTCs). It was a 2 month audit from 1^stMarch 2018. 95 cases were recorded. The mean age was 71 and 65% were female. 66 patients had a fracture at presentation and 23 an impending fracture. Breast carcinoma was the primary tumour at 23%. The mean Mirel’s score is 9. The commonest fixation was with a long cephalomedullary nail (38%). Endoprostheses accounted for 24%. None of the endoprostheses were implanted at MTCs.ConclusionThis audit revealed large numbers of cases of femoral metastases. Although the use of endoprostheses may be increasing in Trauma Units, intramedullary nailing still predominates. Future pathways may benefit from directing resources to allow greater arthroplasty.     

A systematic review of the complications of high-risk third molar removal and coronectomy: development of a decision tree model and preliminary health economic analysis to assist in treatment planning

Coronectomy is an alternative surgical technique for the management of high-risk third molars. It involves the removal of the crown of a tooth and the deliberate retention of the roots, thereby avoiding injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Previous studies have suggested that it reduces the risk of nerve injury when compared with surgical extraction. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the incidence of complications following coronectomy such as IAN injury, pain, dry socket, infection, root migration, and need for re-operation. A comparative cost analysis of coronectomy and surgical extraction was done based on the results of the review. This provides an insight into the economic implications of the two procedures. A search through the MEDLINE database via Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE via Ovid, and Web of Science, was carried out to extract randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to measure the overall effect of each outcome. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for IAN injury was 0.16 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.39). Coronectomy reduced this risk by 84%. Dry socket may occur less frequently following coronectomy whereas infection did not show a higher incidence with either intervention. Root migration was found to occur in 13%–85% of cases and the average incidence of re-operation was 2.2%. The ratio of the average costs was 1.12 favouring coronectomy if cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was not done prior to the procedure. If a scan was taken routinely for coronectomy, the cost ratio marginally favoured extraction. Coronectomy reduced the risk of nerve injury in high-risk third molars. Definitive conclusions, however, cannot be made for outcomes such as the need for re-operation, which may alter the cost ratio of coronectomy:extraction, as higher quality studies with longer follow-up are needed.     

“对位对线”补片固定法在腹腔镜切口疝修补术中的应用

背景与目的 切口疝的微创修补理念在疝外科界已经形成共识，腹腔镜下切口疝修补在临床上的应用越来越普及，但腔镜下的补片固定技术仍然是一个难点。本研究旨在介绍一种新式的切口疝补片固定方法并探讨其临床应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年12月中山大学附属第六医院胃肠、疝和腹壁外科120例行腹腔镜切口疝修补手术（IPOM）患者的临床资料，其中60例的补片固定方式采用“对位对线”补片固定法（观察组），另60例采用传统疝钉双圈固定方法（对照组），比较两组患者相关临床指标以及经济学指标。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、病程以及疝环最大缺损指标差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察组的平均补片固定时间短于对照组（35.5 min vs. 47.7 min，P<0.05），平均疝钉固定数量少于对照组（36.6枚 vs. 44.2枚，P<0.05），平均术后疼痛VAS评分低于对照组（3.2分 vs. 4.6分，P<0.05），住院费用低于对照组（3.9万元 vs. 4.8万元，P<0.05）。两组患者在血清肿、补片感染发生率，术后住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察组和对照组平均随访26.3个月与25.8个月，观察组和对照组的切口疝复发率（1.7% vs. 5.0%，P=0.61）及术后慢性疼痛的发生率差异均无统计学意义（6.7% vs. 8.3%，P=1.00）。结论 “对位对线”补片固定法可缩短补片固定时间，减少疝钉使用数量，节约住院费用，并且可降低切口疝术后早期疼痛的发生，该方法在腹腔镜切口疝修补术中的应用是安全有效的，可在临床进行推广使用。     

How to stich? 90 degrees: The perfect angle

ObjectiveThis is a discussion about correct suturing techniques and implications that follow inappropriate suturing. We deconstruct the suturing needle angles and methods to be adopted to acquire the perfect needle angle to the tissue being sutured. A study of angles confirms that 90° is perceptible to the naked eye and easy to identify, making it an appropriate foundation to explain, communicate and teach the concepts in the wet-lab and the operating room.BackgroundThere is a lack of robust teaching regarding entry of the needle orthogonal to the tissue planes. In addition, objective methods of assessing angles of the needle relative to the tissue and consequences of inaccuracy are lacking. The authors aim to deconstruct the steps of suturing with the aim of demonstrating ninety degrees is the perfect suturing angle.Study designWe conducted a study to identify 90° (the perfect suturing angle) as an angle easy to identify with the naked eye. Angles from 86° to 94° and 41° to 49° were printed and presented to volunteers with the instruction to identify the angles of 90° and 45°.ResultsFifty-one volunteers replied to the 90° angle study and sixty-five volunteers replied to the 45° study. 92% correctly identified at least one 90° angle and 72% identified both the 90° angles. 63% identified at least one 45° angle and only 27% identified both the 45° angles presented to them. This supported our hypothesis that 90° is an angle that is readily identifiable to the human eye.ConclusionsObjective assessment of surgical skills and training should focus on the basic needle skills with particular emphasis on suturing angles, progressing to higher skills using low and intermediate fidelity models and correlating practice alongside the trainees' operative progress.     

A comparative study of 5 different antibiotic prophylaxis regimes in 4500 total knee replacements

AimTo compare the incidence of surgical site infection with different antibiotic regimes in elective total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesise that a single high dose of Teicoplanin and Gentamicin is as effective as other regimes.MethodsA retrospective study of prospectively collected data on a total of 4500 elective knee replacements over a 9-year period was conducted in a district general hospital. Data were collected on antibiotic regime, patient characteristics, infection (treatment, infective agents, sensitivities) and complications.ResultsFive different antibiotic regimes that have been used in elective knee arthroplasty were identified in our institution. 40 patients in total were identified who had a deep infection. Rates of deep surgical site infection were not significantly different between the five groups (p = 0.83).ConclusionA single pre-operative dose of Teicoplanin and Gentamicin has similar efficacy of prophylaxis to other regimes for patients undergoing primary elective total knee replacements. We recommend the choice of prophylaxis regimen is made locally based on pathogen virulence, drug resistance and cost.